Lil Pino said:
We're having problems with education and jobs; people in Iraq were having problems with freedom, something we take for granted.
The Western concept and the Middle Eastern concept of "freedom" is so vastly different, it's very hard to make a direct comparison.
These are a few excerpts from "
What went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response" by Bernard Lewis.
"At the time of the nineteenth century reforms the effect of modernization was increased and reinforced autocracy, at once more effective and more visible. This focused the attention of the Middle-Eastern seekers on another distinctively European practice, that of constitutional and representative democracy, sometimes called freedom.
These perceptions...brought about changes...in traditional Muslim values....Westerners have become accustomed to think about good and bad government in terms of tyranny versus liberty. In Middle-Eastern usage, liberty or freedom was a legal not a political term. It meant one who was not a slave, and unlike the West, Muslims did not use freedom or liberty as political metaphors. For traditional Muslims, the concept of liberty was not tyranny but justice. Justice in this sense means two things, that the ruler was there
by right and
not by usurpation, and that he governed according to God's law, or at least according to recognizable moral or legal principles."
On Modernity relating to freedom and Western concepts
"It is too early to say what this may portend. The contrast between visual and verbal acceptance in musical rejection is paralell in other areas, and for example, in the widespread cult, without the exercise, of freedom, and almost universal holding of elections, without choice.
It may help to understand these matters if we view them in a broader historical perpsective. In such a perspective, cultural innovation is not and never has been the monopoly of any one region or people; the same is true of resistance to it. There has been much borrowing both ways, and these disciples have not always been faithful to their models. Medieval Europe took its religion from the Middle East, as the Modern Middle East took its politics from Europe. And just as some Europeans managed to create Christianity without compassion, so some Middle Easterners have created democracy without freedom.
In every era of human history, modernity, or some equivalent, has meant the ways, norms, and standards of the dominant and expanding civilization. Every dominant civilization has imposed its own modernity in its time. The Hellenistic kingdoms, the Roman Empire, Islam, medieval Christians, as well as the ancient civilization of India and china all impose their norms over a wide area and radiated their influance over a much broader one far beyond their imperial frontiers. Islam was first to make significant progress for what it perceived as its universal mission, the modern Western civiliation is the first to embrace the whole planet. Today, for the time being, as Attaturk recognized and as Indian computer scientists and Japanese high tech companies appreciate, dominant civilization is Western, and Western standards therefore define modernity.
There have been other dominant cicivlizations in the past; there will no doubt be others in the future. Western civilization incorporates many previous modernities- that is to say, it is enriched by contributions and influences of other cultures that preceeded it in leadership. It will itself bequeth a Western cultural legacy to other cultures yet to come."
Thus, the way we interpret or want freedom is markedly different from the Middle Eastern standard. Of larger import than democracy or consultation in government is the ruler's right to rule and adherence to Islam. We may come bringing the Bill of Rights, but what they interpret and accept will be markedly different. In fact, as Zakaria pointed out in
Illiberal Democracy, unmitigated, unadvanced Democracy can possibly be the worst option for emerging Middle Eastern political systems.