Students of Color Make Enrollment and Graduation Gains In Postsecondary Education....

[Tenkamenin]

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE:
Monday, September 23, 2002 12:01 a.m.
Contact: Paul F. Hassen, (202) 939-9367
Kellee Edmonds, (202) 939-9368

Students of Color Make Enrollment and Graduation Gains In Postsecondary Education According to ACE’s Annual Status Report

Enrollment increased by 48 percent during the 1990s

Washington, DC (September 23, 2002) - The number of students of color enrolling and graduating from the nation's colleges and universities continues to climb steadily, according to an annual status report released today by the American Council on Education’s (ACE) Office of Minorities in Higher Education (OMHE). Enrollment by students of color jumped 48.3 percent from 1990 to 1999.

Minorities in Higher Education 2001-02: Nineteenth Annual Status Report, made possible by a grant from the GE Fund, contains an ACE analysis of the latest education data available on high school completion, college participation, educational attainment, college enrollment, degrees conferred, and trends in higher education employment, by race and ethnicity. Sources of the data sets used in the report included the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). William B. Harvey, vice president and director of the ACE Office of Minorities in Higher Education, is the author of this year's report.

According to the report, postsecondary enrollment for students of color rose by 3.3 percent between 1998 and 1999 (the last year for which data is available) - continuing a trend of modest increases that began in the early 1990s. The latest number is a slight improvement over last year when enrollment rose by 3.2 percent.

The report also shows that students of color have experienced gains in all four categories of academic degree attainment. In 1999, students of color experienced combined increases of 11.7 percent in the number of associate degrees they earned, 5.8 percent at the bachelor's degree level, 8.1 percent at the master's degree level, 2.5 percent at the doctoral level, and 3.4 percent at the first-professional degree.

“While the Minorities in Higher Education report shows increases in the college participation and degree attainment rates of African-American and Hispanic students, it also reveals persisting gaps and disparities in educational access, opportunity, and attainment between members of these groups and their white counterparts,” said David Ward, president of ACE. “Ultimately, it is in all of our interests to address this issue and to promote a stronger, more diverse citizenry and workforce.”

According to statistics from National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the graduation rate for African Americans at Division I colleges and universities rose one percentage point to 38 percent and the rate for American Indians increased by 1 percentage point to 38 percent in 2000. The rate for Asian Americans remained at 66 percent while the graduation rate for Hispanics dipped by 2 percentage points to 46 percent.

"A diverse, well-educated populace is essential to our continued economic competitiveness and our growth and development as a society," said Roger Nozaki, senior program manager at the GE Fund, which supported this year's Status Report. "Access to high-quality higher education must continue to be a top national priority."

Major Findings of the 2001-02 Status Report

Although as a group, students of color posted gains in many postsecondary education categories, the level of this progress often varied significantly among the ethnic groups. In general, African Americans and Hispanics continue to lag behind their white counterparts, Asian Americans continue to outpace other students in several categories, and the number of American Indians enrolled in postsecondary studies remains low. In addition, the report shows that women of color continue to outpace their male counterparts in enrollment and degree attainment.

College Participation

College participation rates for African-American high school graduates, ages 18-24, remained steady at 39.4 percent in 2000, after falling nearly a full percentage point in 1999 from the 40.6 percent recorded in 1998. In comparison, the rate for Hispanics increased by nearly 5 percentage points to 36.5 percent in 2000, after declining by 2 percentage points to 31.8 percent in 1999 from the 34.1 percent recorded in 1998.
College participation rates for all high school graduates, ages 18-24, declined slightly in both 1999 and 2000, falling from 45.3 percent in 1998 to 43.5 in 1999 to 43.3 in 2000. The participation rate for white students also has declined slightly to from 45.2 percent in 1998 to 43.7 in 1999 to 43.2 in 2000.
African-American women continue to be more likely than their male counterparts to participate in higher education - and the gender gap is widening. With 43.9 percent of African-American women participating in higher education, an increase of 4 percentage points, the gap between women and men has stretched to 10 percentage points - 33.8 percent of African-American men participate in higher education.

Hispanic women also continue to be more likely than their male counterparts to participate in higher education, but the gap is narrowing. The rate for Hispanic men rose 5 percentage points to 34.2 percent while the rate for women climbed 4 points to 38.6 percent, resulting in a narrowing of the gender gap from 6 points in 1999 to 4.4 points in 2000.

College Enrollment

College enrollment by Hispanics rose 4.7 percent in 1998-99; African Americans, 3.3 percent; Asian Americans, 2.9 percent, and American Indians by 1 percent. In 1999, African Americans represented nearly 11 percent of all college students, while Hispanics made up 9 percent of the student population; Asian Americans, 6 percent; and American Indians, 1 percent. White students represented about 70 percent of enrollment and international students represented 3 percent.

The majority of students of color attended lower-priced public colleges and universities in 1999 - nearly 80 percent compared with 76 percent of white students. However, enrollment among students of color rose by 6.7 percent at independent colleges and universities, and by 2.4 percent at public institutions from 1998 to 1999.

 

[Tenkamenin]

Degrees Conferred

Students of color continue to be underrepresented in degree attainment. In 2000, they earned 21.8 percent of all bachelor's degrees awarded, however, they accounted for more than 28 percent of all undergraduates.
Employment Trends

Higher education employment trends show that faculty of color have made some strides. The number of full-time faculty of color employed at the nation's postsecondary institutions rose by 8.3 percent between 1997 and 1999 (the year for which the latest statistics are available), compared to an increase of 2.5 percent for whites. However, faculty of color made up 14.4 percent of all full-time faculty in 1999.

While the number of faculty of color at the full professor level declined by 1 percent (1.4 percent decline for whites), progress was made at other levels including 7.9 percent growth at associate professor, 7.2 percent increase at assistant professor, and 24.5 percent increase in the number of instructors/lecturers. The increases among minorities were greater than for overall gains for all faculty.

Among the Report's Major Ten-Year Trend Findings:

College enrollment by students of color increased by 48.3 percent from 1990 to 1999, including a gain of 14.8 percent since 1995.
From 1990 to 1999, the number of Hispanic students enrolled in higher education increased more than 68 percent.

The number of Asian American students enrolled in higher education increased by 59 percent from 1990 to 1999, with most of the growth occurring prior to 1994.

The number of American Indian students enrolled in higher education increased by 41 percent from 1990 to 1999. From 1995 to 1999, American Indian student enrollment has increased by more than 11 percent at four-year institutions and by nearly 10 percent at two-year institutions.
A new feature in the 19th edition of the report is a CD-ROM containing a brief overview presentation and data files of the charts suitable for use in spreadsheets. Copies of Minorities in Higher Education 2001-02: Nineteenth Annual Status Report and the CD-ROM (Item #309475) are available for $24.95 (plus shipping and handling), from the ACE Fulfillment Services, Department 191, Washington, DC 20055-0191. See

http://www.acenet.edu/programs/omhe/status-report/ for more information or to place an order.

The Office of Minorities in Higher Education supervises ACE's Minority Initiative, which was launched in 1987 in response to declining rates of minority participation in higher education. OMHE is one of the nation's major sources of information on the educational status of minorities, exemplary programs aimed at improving the campus climate for persons of color, and the challenges faced by academe in its efforts to continue to increase participation rates and degree attainment by U.S. ethnic minorities. The office also provides extensive assistance to colleges and universities seeking to improve their recruitment and retention of minority students, faculty, and administrators.

OMHE also sponsors a biennial national conference, Educating All of One Nation, to help institutions improve their comprehensive planning for minority achievement.

The American Council on Education is a comprehensive association of the nation's colleges and universities dedicated to higher education issues and advocacy on behalf of quality higher education programs. Counted among the Council's members are more than 1,800 accredited degree-granting colleges and universities and higher education-related associations, organizations, and corporations.

The GE Fund, the philanthropic foundation of the General Electric Company, invests in improving educational quality and access and in strengthening community organization in GE communities around the world. All told, GE, the GE Fund, and GE employees and retirees contributed over $100 million to community and educational institutions last year. For more information on the GE Fund, visit www.GEFund.org http://www.GEFund.org.

 

[GUILLOTINE]

I didnt read all of that but what you think is gonna happen now that the president himself is vowing to shut down affirmitive action?

 

[Cutt Throat777]

that shit bout givin minotrys 20 points juss for being black is bullshit....they always say make it equal ...well make it equal..im not racist im juss sayin wuts real

 

[Tenkamenin]

that shit bout givin minotrys 20 points juss for being black is bullshit....they always say make it equal ...well make it equal..im not racist im juss sayin wuts real

Let me ask you a question...

If the point system is soo fucked up and whites with higher test scores are getting the shaft because of the point system, then why is it that the enrollment of white people with lower test scores outnumbered black people with lower test scores in 2001? The samething happened in 2002....

Here's a snippet from an article

"Of the 2,661 admitted students with lower standardized test scores and grade point averages, some 1,243 were white and 725 were black."

How do you explain that? Don't minorities benefit from the point system? What you don't understand and what the media is not telling you is that white people can get points also. Poor people collect points, If you're from Michigan you receive points, and athletes get points also. NOT JUST MINORITIES!! Whites dominant the University of Michigan sports programs, blacks only dominant football and basketball, but baseball, golf, rowing, tennis, gymnastics, field hockey, hockey, cross country etc. are dominanted by whites.

So if it is not fair for minorities to collect points, then is it fair that athletes and poor people, collect points also?

 

[Mcleanhatch]

Here's a snippet from an article

"Of the 2,661 admitted students with lower standardized test scores and grade point averages, some 1,243 were white and 725 were black."

those numbers are very 1 sided because under those numbers 35% favor black and 65% favor white students (which is alote higher than the 12% population of black in USA) so there is no way you can make an argument for Affirmitive Action and then use those numbers which are triple the Affirmative action qouta numbers in favor of blacks and say that whites are getting the advantage according to those numbers.

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND QUOTAS ARE WRONG AND THEY ARE RACIST PROGRAMS

 

[Mcleanhatch]

How do you explain that? Don't minorities benefit from the point system? What you don't understand and what the media is not telling you is that white people can get points also. Poor people collect points, If you're from Michigan you receive points, and athletes get points also. NOT JUST MINORITIES!! Whites dominant the University of Michigan sports programs, blacks only dominant football and basketball, but baseball, golf, rowing, tennis, gymnastics, field hockey, hockey, cross country etc. are dominanted by whites.

well if you really are going to do AA they should do it right and have the 100 man football team consist of 73 whites, 12 blacks, 11 hispanics, and 4% ect.... and the basketball team should be 73% white, 12% black, and 11% hispanic and 4% ect.... as for the baseball team they are usually reflective of the AA qoutas. and ya i believe that their are no blacks in those other sports but its not because they arent allowed but more likely because they dont want to play.

So if it is not fair for minorities to collect points, then is it fair that athletes and poor people, collect points also?

People should get in based on tier own merit!!! grades and test scores thats it!!!!!!!!

every1 should just get a number (like in prison) and sign up fro colleges and let them pick people without a name just a number and based their choices on the SAT's/ACT's, Grades/G.P.A., community service/volunteer work and thats it.



i know this is off topic but everytime i hear Johnny Cockran talk about he is going to sue the NFL because not enough blacks are Head Coaches i wonder why the Whites dont sue the NFL because there isnt enough whites playing , and the Mexicans sueing because there isnt any Mexicans playing. that shit just makes me so mad i start laughing

 

[Tenkamenin]

well if you really are going to do AA they should do it right and have the 100 man football team consist of 73 whites, 12 blacks, 11 hispanics, and 4% ect.... and the basketball team should be 73% white, 12% black, and 11% hispanic and 4% ect.... as for the baseball team they are usually reflective of the AA qoutas. and ya i believe that their are no blacks in those other sports but its not because they arent allowed but more likely because they dont want to play.

People should get in based on tier own merit!!! grades and test scores thats it!!!!!!!!

every1 should just get a number (like in prison) and sign up fro colleges and let them pick people without a name just a number and based their choices on the SAT's/ACT's, Grades/G.P.A., community service/volunteer work and thats it.

i know this is off topic but everytime i hear Johnny Cockran talk about he is going to sue the NFL because not enough blacks are Head Coaches i wonder why the Whites dont sue the NFL because there isnt enough whites playing , and the Mexicans sueing because there isnt any Mexicans playing. that shit just makes me so mad i start laughing

Are you SERIOUSLY trying to compare the hiring of professional athletes to the hiring of coaches?

In professional sports the best players or the players with the most potential is out on the field regardless of skin color. As fans we can see that when we go to minicamp, training camp, preseason, and regular season games. However you can not say the same outside of sports. Did you read the article I posted up about people with black sounding names are less likely to get an interview compared to people with white sounding names? The FAIR world that you are envisioning is bullshit, people are discriminated against because of there race, sex, or sexual preferences. You say "The best should be hired" I say no they will not be, and there is nothing going on in this world today is leading me to believe that racism in America is getting much better, because for every black person in this country there is 1 racist/ignorant white person. Crazy stat eh? Now imagine these white people in position of power? ...and many of them are which creates a system that favor whites and is UNEQUAL. This is the world we live in, this is why people with black sounding names can not get an interview, and this is the reason why a black person with the same credit report as a white man can not get a loan from the bank. You say Affirmative Action is racist however you haven't given an answer on how to fight the hidden racism minorities go through.

 

[Mcleanhatch]

In professional sports the best players or the players with the most potential is out on the field regardless of skin color.

and thats how it should be for ALL things. the most qualified pereson should get the job and that DOESNT happen under affirmative action/quotas.

just like you said about the athletes the best are out on the field well the best students should be on our campuses not some minorities that otherwise wouldnt make it on their own merit. if they are good enough to make it on their own merit then they should be there butif they are inferior to a white/european/asian they should not take their place based on that they are a minority period.

hey by the way how would alote of the black people in america like it if Division I colleges used affirmitive action/quotas (9% for blacks) on their Football and basketball teams. i mean whats good for the goose should be good for the ganter right. whould black america be happy if Duke, North Carolina, Kentucky, Kansas and other college powerhouses had only 3 blacks on the basketball team of which only one was a starter. just wondering

 

[Snubnoze]

If your the best at education, then how are you going to make an arguement that its more important for you to go to a college TO LEARN than someone else who isn't as intelegent because their school might have failed them... I say FREE COLLEGE FOR ALL. There's no sense in restricting who can and who cannot LEARN.

 

[Mcleanhatch]

I say FREE COLLEGE FOR ALL.

not all people need free college. i mean not all people need college. you know some people are not college material. there are alote of stupid people out there

There's no sense in restricting who can and who cannot LEARN.

if that were the case why dont the government just give every1 100% health care, a free house all utilities paid, a car, a good top quality job. oh wait they cant because we arent communists you know.

 

[Snubnoze]

not all people need free college. i mean not all people need college. you know some people are not college material. there are alote of stupid people out there

If they don't need it, they wont go to it, I'm not proposing MANDATORY college...

if that were the case why dont the government just give every1 100% health care, a free house all utilities paid, a car, a good top quality job. oh wait they cant because we arent communists you know.

How do you jump from education to free cars? We ALREADY get free school up to 12th grade, does that make us communist? I hate to break it to you, but this country is NOT pure capitalism, its MODIFIED CAPITALISM. Free Schooling will only BENEFIT the country by making more intelegent people. Research whats goin on in Sweeden and see how their socialistic policies are benefiting its country. The sweedish can write better papers in english than americans, c'mon now...

 

[Mcleanhatch]

How do you jump from education to free cars

slippery slope

We ALREADY get free school up to 12th grade, does that make us communist?

no

I hate to break it to you, but this country is NOT pure capitalism, its MODIFIED CAPITALISM.

sure and why is that because the democrats keep making BIG BROTHER bigger. if that had their way we would no longer be a capitalist country

Free Schooling will only BENEFIT the country by making more intelegent people.

but i doubt that the tax payers in america wont go for it.

The sweedish can write better papers in english than americans, c'mon now...

that should tell you something about our sucky Public School System.

i bet you all the kids of congressman and senators dont sent their kids to public schools. yet all the democrats block school vouchers for inner city kids. they say they are fighting for the poor but they refuse to let the poor send their kids to better schools.....

 

[Snubnoze]

slippery slope

Lame catch phrase, don't mean shit... next thing I know we will be talking about race cards!

sure and why is that because the democrats keep making BIG BROTHER bigger. if that had their way we would no longer be a capitalist country

This country has NEVER been a PURE CAPATILISTIC country. Maybe you should take an economics class. How bout all the times Bush bails out his corporate buddy's from bankruptcy, thats a socialistic policy. PURE capitalism is NO GOV interference in the economy AT ALL, which DOES NOT WORK, that is why we have a MODIFIED capitalistic country...

 

[Mcleanhatch]

PURE capitalism is NO GOV interference in the economy AT ALL, which DOES NOT WORK, that is why we have a MODIFIED capitalistic country...

it sounds good, at times the government does need to step in and help i mean thats why they change taxes right? but trying to make it as little aas possible is the right way to go.

 

[Tenkamenin]

and thats how it should be for ALL things. the most qualified pereson should get the job and that DOESNT happen under affirmative action/quotas.

just like you said about the athletes the best are out on the field well the best students should be on our campuses not some minorities that otherwise wouldnt make it on their own merit. if they are good enough to make it on their own merit then they should be there butif they are inferior to a white/european/asian they should not take their place based on that they are a minority period.

hey by the way how would alote of the black people in america like it if Division I colleges used affirmitive action/quotas (9% for blacks) on their Football and basketball teams. i mean whats good for the goose should be good for the ganter right. whould black america be happy if Duke, North Carolina, Kentucky, Kansas and other college powerhouses had only 3 blacks on the basketball team of which only one was a starter. just wondering

You say that under affirmative action the best do not get the job, well there are studies done that shows that with NO affirmative action action the best still do not get hired because of racial discrimination. Again what you've failed to talk about is the discrimination when it comes to the job hiring process. I've said over and over again that people with black sounding names are 50% less likely to get called back to a job interview compared to a person with a white sounding name. So how do you explain that discrimination? If the best should get hired then how come these people with black sounding names do not get a shot at an interview? You say Affirmative Action is racist however you haven't given an answer on how to fight the hidden racism minorities go through.

I'm still trying to understand what does sports have to do with enrolling into school. Do you honestly believe that all of the blacks students at the University of Michigan have lower test scores then all of the white students? No... So why is there a big deal made out of the black kids who get in with lower test scores compared to the white kids with lower test scores, when more white kids with lower test scores are being admitted then black kids with lower test scores....Am I missing something? Lets remember that this is not an argument of population...Lets remember that Affrimative Action does not make race the only factor, it makes race one of the many factors which is apart of the Michigan point system. Just like social class is apart of the point system and demographics.

I think you ought to read this..


Q: Does the University's consideration of race hurt a white student's chances of getting into the University?

A: No. The numbers of minority applicants are extremely small compared to the numbers of white students who apply to the University. The Law School, for example, this past year offered admission to 38 percent of its white applicants and 35 percent of black applicants. Out of a fall 2000 entering class of 367, only 37 students were African American. Similarly, of the approximately 15,000 applications received each year for admissions to the College of Literature, Science & the Arts, only about 1,600 come from underrepresented minorities. It is not mathematically possible that the small numbers of minority students who apply and are admitted are "displacing" a significant number of white students under any scenario.

William Bowen and Derek Bok, in their book "The Shape of the River," look at the nationwide statistics concerning admissions to selective universities. They determined that even if all selective universities used a race-blind admissions system, the probability of being admitted for a white student would go only from 25 percent to 26.2 percent.

 

[YoungVicious]

People should get in based on tier own merit!!! grades and test scores thats it!!!!!!!!

Is it that easy to forget about the countless minorities who dont have access to the type of education that will give them good grades and test scores?

This is an issue Im not completely one-sided on. Ive heard a lot of good arguments against affirmative action...but that "reverse racism" talk is bullshit. I dont see people complaining about the affirmative action wealthy white men have been enjoying since this country was born. You say it's wrong to let somone in cuz they're black...well how else do you propose equalizing the hundreds of years of people getting in cuz theyre WHITE?

The current government just needs to deal with the fact that our previous governments for the past hundreds of years fucked up big time and brought us into the situation of inequality today that makes AA neccessary.

 

[BaSICCally]

I don't feel AA is necesary so to speak. The reason I feel it is necesary yet at the same timeI feel AA is critical)but at the same time I feel that minorties will work their way in, into mainstream(Anglo-saxon)white America. The way I see it is minorities as a whole WILL catch up to the Anglo-saxon core. All it takes is a matter of time. Think about it African Americans have only been here for about 170 years. And for Hispanic Americans and the rest of the minorities comming into America, I would say as a whole average about 80 years. Well also including the Native Americans have been here since the 1500 hundreds, respectively. One must remember that the United States is a very young country, we(American) compared to the rest of the countries of the world, is very young. Give it time the minorties(of America) will fully assimilate into mainstream America, all it takes is TIME.

Our childrend and grandchildren will look at racisim like how view black and white t.v.....old school!


Keep in mind that Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X started to changed the direction for minorties in America, in the 60's. That was only 43 years ago. Remember the African Americans and the rest minorities in America have only started to change and assimilate into our prespective of what an American IS. Our parents generation is soon to die. What will OUR generation do with America, it will soon be in our hands?

Patience is a virtue I don't have-X-Raided

 

[camoflauge]

Let me ask you a question...

If the point system is soo fucked up and whites with higher test scores are getting the shaft because of the point system, then why is it that the enrollment of white people with lower test scores outnumbered black people with lower test scores in 2001? The samething happened in 2002....

Here's a snippet from an article

"Of the 2,661 admitted students with lower standardized test scores and grade point averages, some 1,243 were white and 725 were black."

How do you explain that? Don't minorities benefit from the point system? What you don't understand and what the media is not telling you is that white people can get points also. Poor people collect points, If you're from Michigan you receive points, and athletes get points also. NOT JUST MINORITIES!! Whites dominant the University of Michigan sports programs, blacks only dominant football and basketball, but baseball, golf, rowing, tennis, gymnastics, field hockey, hockey, cross country etc. are dominanted by whites.

So if it is not fair for minorities to collect points, then is it fair that athletes and poor people, collect points also?

now exactly where is this article from?

and maybe more whites got admitted because of extra corricular(spelling?) activitieslike community service and obviously probably alot more whites applied than blacks. its not only grades that get you into higher education school, matters on what classes and alot of other things

 

[Tenkamenin]

now exactly where is this article from?

and maybe more whites got admitted because of extra corricular(spelling?) activitieslike community service and obviously probably alot more whites applied than blacks. its not only grades that get you into higher education school, matters on what classes and alot of other things

Who knows if the white kids with low test scores did extra curricular activities, who knows if the black kids with low test scores did extra curricular activities also?

But that is not the argument, the argument is that black people with low test scores that got in. There is no argument towards the students of alumni's getting in to University of Michigan, there is not argument about poor applicants getting in, the argument is just about black people getting in.

That excerpt came from a Detriot News Paper site...