In September 1922 the
Fordney–McCumber Tariff(named after
Joseph Fordney, chair of the
House Ways and Means Committee, and
Porter McCumber, chair of the
Senate Finance Committee) was signed by U.S. President
Warren G. Harding.
[1] In the end, the tariff law raised the average American
ad valoremtariff rate to 38 percent.
Trading partners complained immediately. Those injured by World War I said that, without access by their exports to the American market, they would not be able to make payments to America on war loans.
But others saw that this tariff increase would have broader deleterious effects. Democratic Representative
Cordell Hull said, "Our foreign markets depend both on the efficiency of our production and the tariffs of countries in which we would sell. Our own [high] tariffs are an important factor in each. They injure the former and invite the latter."
Five years after the passage of the tariff, American trading partners had raised their own tariffs by a significant degree.
France raised its tariffs on
automobiles from 45% to 100%,
Spain raised tariffs on American goods by 40%, and Germany and
Italy raised tariffs on wheat.
[2] This customs war is often cited as one of the main causes of the Great Depression.