While the Portuguese were the first Europeans to see South Africa, they did not choose to colonise it, and instead the Dutch set up a supply depot on the Cape of Good Hope. This depot rapidly developed into the Cape Colony. The British seized the Cape Colony from the Dutch in the end of the 18th century, and the Cape Colony became a British colony. The ever-expanding number of European settlers prompted fights with the natives over the rights to land and farming, which caused numerous fatalities on both sides. Hostilities also emerged between the Dutch and the British, and many Dutch people trekked into the central Highveld in order to establish their own colonies. The Dutch, by then known as the Boers, and the British went to war twice in the Anglo-Boer Wars, which ended in the defeat of the Boers and their independent republics.
The British eventually had over 400,000 men in South Africa. The Boers, at their peak had 52,000, using boys as young as 9. In addition, the Boers were mostly untrained farmers, fighting what was perhaps the greatest power in the world. So the match was uneven from the start. However the Boers were fighting on their home ground and used unconventional guerilla tactics to good advantage.
Photograph showing casualties in an early battle of the Boer War, 1900
Boer Commandos
The concentration camps in which Britain killed 27 000 Boer women and children(24000) during the Second War of Independence (1899 - 1902) today still have far-reaching effects on the existence of the Boerevolk.
A Boer child in a concentration camp.