2 threads in 1. Rep yo liquor sto/To neuter or not to neuter..
- Thread starter Gas One
- Start date
Testosterone: a natural tonic for the failing heart?
P.J. Pugh, K.M. English, T.H. Jones1 and K.S. Channer
http://qjmed.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/93/10/689
Department of Cardiology,
Royal Hallamshire Hospital
Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry,
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
... A study of 53 men with CHF [Chronic congestive heart failure] found that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels were significantly lower than in healthy controls. In 17 men with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, testosterone levels correlated with cardiac index, and five men with severe left ventricular dysfunction had markedly reduced plasma testosterone, which normalized 2 months after implantation of a ventricular assist device. In an animal model of heart failure, hamsters with cardiomyopathy were found to have very low testosterone levels.
... to be expected given the effect of chronic disease on gonadal function. However, there is also a link between hypotestosteronaemia and stable CAD. Epidemiological data suggest that men with ischaemic heart disease have low androgen levels, and men with proven coronary atheroma have lower testosterone levels than healthy controls. In [laboratory] animals, castration promotes atherosclerosis while androgen therapy retards it. Similarly, hypertensive men have relatively low androgen levels, which show an inverse correlation with blood pressure.11 Men with CHF, therefore, are likely to have low testosterone levels, potentially exacerbating the catabolic imbalance.
There are no clinical trial data concerning the effects of testosterone on left ventricular function. In rats, androgen therapy improves coronary blood flow and increases both fractional shortening and peak myocardial oxygen consumption, thereby improving cardiac function.14 Castration results in reduced ejection fraction and diastolic dysfunction, with alteration of the isoenzyme composition of the myosin heavy chain.
Testosterone therapy has been used to treat men with angina; the beneficial effects on both ischaemia and exercise tolerance have been demonstrated in several studies.
In humans, testosterone reduces blood pressure and enhances relaxation of brachial arteries; direct injection into coronary arteries produces dilatation and increased coronary blood flow. Low circulating levels of testosterone may therefore contribute to the generalized increase in vascular tone found in patients with CHF. A vasodilator effect could be important in relieving pulmonary congestion and improving peripheral perfusion. Androgen therapy could therefore also improve cardiac function by reducing pre-load and after-load and by increasing coronary blood flow.
Fatigue and poor exercise tolerance are central features of the symptoms of heart failure, and may be out of proportion to the degree of left ventricular dysfunction. Patients with CHF suffer loss of skeletal muscle mass with reduced muscle strength and endurance. Muscle fibre type and mitochondrial structure are altered, with reduction in the enzymes of the Krebs cycle and oxidative chain. ...
Testosterone deficiency is likely to contribute to the weakness and fatigue of CHF which constitute a major aspect of the morbidity. Androgen therapy could potentially improve patient well-being by combating this. ... Testosterone has been found to increase IGF-1 levels and reduce hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance.
It is now recognized that cytokine activation is likely to play an important role in the progression of cardiac failure. ... Circulating levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (Il-6) are elevated in CHF and independently predict mortality. The levels correlate adversely with several prognostic markers, including NYHA class, exercise tolerance and myocardial oxygen consumption, as well as plasma levels of ANP, catecholamines, endothelin-1 and angiotensin.
TNF is produced mainly by macrophages [especially in systemic disease], but also by the myocardium in CHF. It impairs synthesis and promotes catabolism of skeletal muscle, and reduces testosterone production. It causes endothelial dysfunction and impairs production of NO by endothelium.55 Administration causes left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure in humans; anti-TNF therapy may improve cardiac function.56,57 Cytokines therefore appear to mediate many of the pathophysiological processes of heart failure.
The immune-modulatory properties of androgens have been well described. In various disease models (though not in heart failure), androgens have been found to significantly suppress macrophage production of cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. In man, androgen levels correlate negatively with plasma cytokine levels and gonadotropin therapy suppresses the high level seen in hypogonadal men.
Patients with chronic heart failure suffer considerable morbidity as well as early mortality. They exhibit altered structure and function of cardiac and skeletal muscle and excessive activation of catabolic hormones and inflammatory cytokines. Men with CHF have relatively low androgen levels, which may contribute to the pathophysiological process. Androgen replacement therapy could potentially ameliorate symptoms by improving cardiac and vascular function and increasing strength and endurance. It may also redress the catabolic/anabolic imbalance of chronic CHF and suppress the cytokine activation which leads to progression of the disease. ....
P.J. Pugh, K.M. English, T.H. Jones1 and K.S. Channer
http://qjmed.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/93/10/689
Department of Cardiology,
Royal Hallamshire Hospital
Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry,
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
... A study of 53 men with CHF [Chronic congestive heart failure] found that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels were significantly lower than in healthy controls. In 17 men with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, testosterone levels correlated with cardiac index, and five men with severe left ventricular dysfunction had markedly reduced plasma testosterone, which normalized 2 months after implantation of a ventricular assist device. In an animal model of heart failure, hamsters with cardiomyopathy were found to have very low testosterone levels.
... to be expected given the effect of chronic disease on gonadal function. However, there is also a link between hypotestosteronaemia and stable CAD. Epidemiological data suggest that men with ischaemic heart disease have low androgen levels, and men with proven coronary atheroma have lower testosterone levels than healthy controls. In [laboratory] animals, castration promotes atherosclerosis while androgen therapy retards it. Similarly, hypertensive men have relatively low androgen levels, which show an inverse correlation with blood pressure.11 Men with CHF, therefore, are likely to have low testosterone levels, potentially exacerbating the catabolic imbalance.
There are no clinical trial data concerning the effects of testosterone on left ventricular function. In rats, androgen therapy improves coronary blood flow and increases both fractional shortening and peak myocardial oxygen consumption, thereby improving cardiac function.14 Castration results in reduced ejection fraction and diastolic dysfunction, with alteration of the isoenzyme composition of the myosin heavy chain.
Testosterone therapy has been used to treat men with angina; the beneficial effects on both ischaemia and exercise tolerance have been demonstrated in several studies.
In humans, testosterone reduces blood pressure and enhances relaxation of brachial arteries; direct injection into coronary arteries produces dilatation and increased coronary blood flow. Low circulating levels of testosterone may therefore contribute to the generalized increase in vascular tone found in patients with CHF. A vasodilator effect could be important in relieving pulmonary congestion and improving peripheral perfusion. Androgen therapy could therefore also improve cardiac function by reducing pre-load and after-load and by increasing coronary blood flow.
Fatigue and poor exercise tolerance are central features of the symptoms of heart failure, and may be out of proportion to the degree of left ventricular dysfunction. Patients with CHF suffer loss of skeletal muscle mass with reduced muscle strength and endurance. Muscle fibre type and mitochondrial structure are altered, with reduction in the enzymes of the Krebs cycle and oxidative chain. ...
Testosterone deficiency is likely to contribute to the weakness and fatigue of CHF which constitute a major aspect of the morbidity. Androgen therapy could potentially improve patient well-being by combating this. ... Testosterone has been found to increase IGF-1 levels and reduce hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance.
It is now recognized that cytokine activation is likely to play an important role in the progression of cardiac failure. ... Circulating levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (Il-6) are elevated in CHF and independently predict mortality. The levels correlate adversely with several prognostic markers, including NYHA class, exercise tolerance and myocardial oxygen consumption, as well as plasma levels of ANP, catecholamines, endothelin-1 and angiotensin.
TNF is produced mainly by macrophages [especially in systemic disease], but also by the myocardium in CHF. It impairs synthesis and promotes catabolism of skeletal muscle, and reduces testosterone production. It causes endothelial dysfunction and impairs production of NO by endothelium.55 Administration causes left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure in humans; anti-TNF therapy may improve cardiac function.56,57 Cytokines therefore appear to mediate many of the pathophysiological processes of heart failure.
The immune-modulatory properties of androgens have been well described. In various disease models (though not in heart failure), androgens have been found to significantly suppress macrophage production of cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. In man, androgen levels correlate negatively with plasma cytokine levels and gonadotropin therapy suppresses the high level seen in hypogonadal men.
Patients with chronic heart failure suffer considerable morbidity as well as early mortality. They exhibit altered structure and function of cardiac and skeletal muscle and excessive activation of catabolic hormones and inflammatory cytokines. Men with CHF have relatively low androgen levels, which may contribute to the pathophysiological process. Androgen replacement therapy could potentially ameliorate symptoms by improving cardiac and vascular function and increasing strength and endurance. It may also redress the catabolic/anabolic imbalance of chronic CHF and suppress the cytokine activation which leads to progression of the disease. ....
What they fail to accept is that people differ biochemically and physiologically, and some are more sensitive to hormonal changes than other. There are well-document cases of acute psychoses that occur when patients receive large doses of corticosteroids. This happens in a small percentage of patients, and it is largely unpredictable. Some men suffer depression after acute reductions in testosterone levels due to anti-androgen drugs or surgical castration. Is post-castration depression an adaptive response? It is quite probable that similar biochemical and physiological mechanisms cause some women to experience post-partum depression or psychoses while most women in similar circumstances do not.
http://econlog.econlib.org/archives/2006/09/an_evolutionary.html
http://econlog.econlib.org/archives/2006/09/an_evolutionary.html
yeah, true.
arson...yeah i aint tryna harm em. i wonder why PETA and the humane society are so gung-ho on castration then?
i mean even w/ house dogs?
they damn near SEND LETTERS OUT to pet owners reminding them to do it
it culdnt be a hustle, that would just be fucked up
it obviously dosent fuck w/ estrogen..if fem. dogs have estrogen..cuz my female dog is straight..beyond being a lil high strung and i think most females are..
arson...yeah i aint tryna harm em. i wonder why PETA and the humane society are so gung-ho on castration then?
i mean even w/ house dogs?
they damn near SEND LETTERS OUT to pet owners reminding them to do it
it culdnt be a hustle, that would just be fucked up
it obviously dosent fuck w/ estrogen..if fem. dogs have estrogen..cuz my female dog is straight..beyond being a lil high strung and i think most females are..
I didn't neuter my cat. yes I'm a man who owned a cat. but yeah, I didn't neuter him, he kept trying to fuck some stuffed animal tho, and probably was all up in some pussy (literally) when he was outside......actually, probably not, since he was so young....but still.....I should've had him neutered, but he's no longer alive so I guess it doesn't matter.
I fucks with the liquor store on 54th & Adeline.....I don't know what its called, but the family that owns it is hella coo.
I also hella fuck with Golden 7 in Richmond and that spot on 36th & Barrett, they both got 2 for $1 swishers.
I fucks with the liquor store on 54th & Adeline.....I don't know what its called, but the family that owns it is hella coo.
I also hella fuck with Golden 7 in Richmond and that spot on 36th & Barrett, they both got 2 for $1 swishers.
its because tons of unwanted puppys cause a big financial burden, my dog had some nuts that looked like grape fruits, he lived to be 20, he was always strong, happy as fuck, he was hella muscular and strong, no health problems, the only reason i put em down, is cause he gave himself a really bad hernia, and they would have to do tons of surgury to fix, i didnt wanna put em threw it, i cried for him more then i did anybody i know who passed, cause he was a better friend.
1) Dry Creek Liquors in Galt, Ca. Shouts to Raj! I'm movin to SD so I'll find a couple new regulars soon.
2) Neuter him if you really feel you should. My friends dog was the same way but he got over it after about 4 months. I heard dogs are never the same after. I wouldnt do it unless it was really necessary.
2) Neuter him if you really feel you should. My friends dog was the same way but he got over it after about 4 months. I heard dogs are never the same after. I wouldnt do it unless it was really necessary.
Good-N-Rich Dairy-Store
Category: Grocery [Edit]
130 N Spruce Ave
South San Francisco, CA 94080 (650) 583-9350
A drive thru 7-11 type store. Truly a one of a kind place in the bay area. Never seen anything like it. Get anything you need without stepping one foot out of your car. Sometimes it gets somewhat of a line going on, but the line goes quick and if you'd rather, you can always just park and walk through. If you're ever in South City, roll through. It's pretty neat.
lmao @ someone giving a whiteboy ass description and ending with 'roll through'
Category: Grocery [Edit]
130 N Spruce Ave
South San Francisco, CA 94080 (650) 583-9350
A drive thru 7-11 type store. Truly a one of a kind place in the bay area. Never seen anything like it. Get anything you need without stepping one foot out of your car. Sometimes it gets somewhat of a line going on, but the line goes quick and if you'd rather, you can always just park and walk through. If you're ever in South City, roll through. It's pretty neat.
lmao @ someone giving a whiteboy ass description and ending with 'roll through'
