What do Islamic Fundamentalist, Neo-Nazi's/Hitler's Nazi's, the NOI & other fanatic..
What do Islamic Fundamentalist, Neo-Nazi's/Hitler's Nazi's, the NOI & other fanatic wacko's and nut case's have in common...
If you answered 'The Protocols of the Elder's of Zion' you are correct...
If you don't know about this subject here's a good intro
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion
In 1920, Americans found a version in the glove box of their new Ford automobiles. King Faisal of Saudi Arabia distributed copies to guests, including U.S. National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger. It ignited pogroms in Russia and helped inspire mass murder in Germany. "If ever a piece of writing could produce mass hatred it is this one," Nobel laureate Elie Wiesel has written.
Even so, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion—a notorious forgery debunked repeatedly throughout the West—continues today to nourish anti-Semitism and to poison relations between peoples.
An exhibition at The United States Holocaust Museum, entitled A Dangerous Lie: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, explores the history and continuing impact the modern era's most widely distributed piece of anti-Semitic propaganda.
ORIGINS
The Protocols purports to be the minutes from a meeting of the "Elders of Zion," a group of Jewish leaders conspiring to establish world domination. It was instead an 1890s forgery produced by the Russian Tsarist secret police. The Elders never existed and their supposed weapons—"'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity'… Darwinism, Marxism, Nietzche-ism"—were shorthand for elements of modernity that left many people disoriented and embittered.
Exhibit curator Daniel Greene attributed The Protocols' success to its adroit manipulation of existing anti-Semitic myths. For those who already believed that Jews controlled the gold market, commanded mass media and entertainment and secretly manipulated nations into war, it was a short step to blaming a Jewish cabal for one's hardships. For the tsarist regime, The Protocols afforded an irresistible opportunity to deflect popular discontent away from the Russian government to a despised Jewish minority.
After the 1919 Bolshevik Revolution, The Protocols spread through much of the world. Automobile magnate Henry Ford was for a time its leading American champion. His newspaper, The Dearborn [Michigan] Independent, began publishing Protocols-based materials in 1920. These formed the basis for that year's The International Jew: The World's Foremost Problem, which was translated into at least 16 languages, selling more than 500,000 copies.
The Protocols arrived in Germany in 1919. By 1921, the book was in its 21st German printing. Daniel Greene told The Washington File that the book shaped Adolf Hitler's views about Jews, and that Hitler referred specifically to The Protocols in his early political speeches. The Nazis would themselves publish 23 editions before the outbreak of the Second World War.
Meanwhile, The Protocols spread throughout Europe, and into the Middle East. The first Arabic language edition appeared in Egypt in 1921.
DEBUNKING
Researchers in the West have successfully and repeatedly exposed The Protocols as a fake. Curator Greene reports that no similar exposure has yet appeared in Arabic, and The Protocols' charge of a Jewish world conspiracy continues to enjoy a disturbing popularity in much of the Middle East and in other parts of the world.
As early as August 1921, the Times of London established convincingly, by reproducing passages side-by-side, that The Protocols had been plagiarized from Maurice Joly's 1864 political satire A Dialogue in Hell. Joly's work was an attack on the French Emperor Napoleon III. The plagiarist simply attributed the Emperor's despotic tendencies to the Jews, who were not mentioned in Joly's book.
Other bodies have arrived at the same conclusion. In 1935, a Swiss court declared The Protocols a forgery and a work of plagiarism. Seven years later, a committee of leading American historians agreed, and Assistant CIA Director Richard Helms testified before Congress in 1961 that the document was a forgery prepared by the Tsarist secret police. In 1993, a Russian court declared The Protocols a forgery and ruled its publication an anti-Semitic act. A decade later, Osama El-Baz, chief political advisor to Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, concluded in the pages of Egypt's Al-Ahram Weekly that "One needs only read the opening pages of The Protocols to realize its fraudulent nature."
But debunking a book is not the same as dispelling the impulse behind it. As Greene explains, even Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels admitted that that The Protocols was a forgery. Even so, Goebbels argued, "I believe in [its] intrinsic but not factual truth."
After the Second World War, proponents of The Protocols often charged that Jews had affirmatively encouraged the Holocaust. Typical of the genre was a Mexican reprint with a cover depicting a Jewish hand behind Nazism—and behind Masonry, Communism, and religious and financial powers. A common charge was the Jews instigated the murder of six million of their co-religionists in an effort to secure the world's sympathy, whether for the creation of the state of Israel or for other secret objectives.
The Protocols continues to be published and distributed in many nations, and via the internet. A Japanese edition displayed at the exhibition attests to the fact that the actual presence of Jews is not necessary for charges of a Jewish conspiracy to take hold.
Meanwhile, the forgery has found traction in much of the Middle East. Televised dramatizations of The Protocols have appeared on Egyptian television in October-November 2002 and on Al-Manar (Hezbollah) television in 2003. The latter version included scenes depicting Jews draining the blood of a Christian child as an ingredient in matzah (unleavened bread consumed by observant Jews during the Passover holiday; the actual ingredients are flour and water only).
In 2003, the manuscript library at Alexandria, Egypt reportedly displayed an Arabic edition of The Protocols as an example of a Jewish holy book.
In 2005, Iranian booksellers displayed copies of The Protocols and The International Jew at the Frankfurt (Germany) Book Fair, the world's largest.
The tragedy of The Protocols, Greene says, is that "a piece of propaganda that nurtured anti-Semitism during the Nazi period is still doing the same today."
http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/d...06&m=July&x=20060731111416jmnamdeirf0.9629938
What do Islamic Fundamentalist, Neo-Nazi's/Hitler's Nazi's, the NOI & other fanatic wacko's and nut case's have in common...
If you answered 'The Protocols of the Elder's of Zion' you are correct...
If you don't know about this subject here's a good intro
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion
In 1920, Americans found a version in the glove box of their new Ford automobiles. King Faisal of Saudi Arabia distributed copies to guests, including U.S. National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger. It ignited pogroms in Russia and helped inspire mass murder in Germany. "If ever a piece of writing could produce mass hatred it is this one," Nobel laureate Elie Wiesel has written.
Even so, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion—a notorious forgery debunked repeatedly throughout the West—continues today to nourish anti-Semitism and to poison relations between peoples.
An exhibition at The United States Holocaust Museum, entitled A Dangerous Lie: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, explores the history and continuing impact the modern era's most widely distributed piece of anti-Semitic propaganda.
ORIGINS
The Protocols purports to be the minutes from a meeting of the "Elders of Zion," a group of Jewish leaders conspiring to establish world domination. It was instead an 1890s forgery produced by the Russian Tsarist secret police. The Elders never existed and their supposed weapons—"'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity'… Darwinism, Marxism, Nietzche-ism"—were shorthand for elements of modernity that left many people disoriented and embittered.
Exhibit curator Daniel Greene attributed The Protocols' success to its adroit manipulation of existing anti-Semitic myths. For those who already believed that Jews controlled the gold market, commanded mass media and entertainment and secretly manipulated nations into war, it was a short step to blaming a Jewish cabal for one's hardships. For the tsarist regime, The Protocols afforded an irresistible opportunity to deflect popular discontent away from the Russian government to a despised Jewish minority.
After the 1919 Bolshevik Revolution, The Protocols spread through much of the world. Automobile magnate Henry Ford was for a time its leading American champion. His newspaper, The Dearborn [Michigan] Independent, began publishing Protocols-based materials in 1920. These formed the basis for that year's The International Jew: The World's Foremost Problem, which was translated into at least 16 languages, selling more than 500,000 copies.
The Protocols arrived in Germany in 1919. By 1921, the book was in its 21st German printing. Daniel Greene told The Washington File that the book shaped Adolf Hitler's views about Jews, and that Hitler referred specifically to The Protocols in his early political speeches. The Nazis would themselves publish 23 editions before the outbreak of the Second World War.
Meanwhile, The Protocols spread throughout Europe, and into the Middle East. The first Arabic language edition appeared in Egypt in 1921.
DEBUNKING
Researchers in the West have successfully and repeatedly exposed The Protocols as a fake. Curator Greene reports that no similar exposure has yet appeared in Arabic, and The Protocols' charge of a Jewish world conspiracy continues to enjoy a disturbing popularity in much of the Middle East and in other parts of the world.
As early as August 1921, the Times of London established convincingly, by reproducing passages side-by-side, that The Protocols had been plagiarized from Maurice Joly's 1864 political satire A Dialogue in Hell. Joly's work was an attack on the French Emperor Napoleon III. The plagiarist simply attributed the Emperor's despotic tendencies to the Jews, who were not mentioned in Joly's book.
Other bodies have arrived at the same conclusion. In 1935, a Swiss court declared The Protocols a forgery and a work of plagiarism. Seven years later, a committee of leading American historians agreed, and Assistant CIA Director Richard Helms testified before Congress in 1961 that the document was a forgery prepared by the Tsarist secret police. In 1993, a Russian court declared The Protocols a forgery and ruled its publication an anti-Semitic act. A decade later, Osama El-Baz, chief political advisor to Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, concluded in the pages of Egypt's Al-Ahram Weekly that "One needs only read the opening pages of The Protocols to realize its fraudulent nature."
But debunking a book is not the same as dispelling the impulse behind it. As Greene explains, even Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels admitted that that The Protocols was a forgery. Even so, Goebbels argued, "I believe in [its] intrinsic but not factual truth."
After the Second World War, proponents of The Protocols often charged that Jews had affirmatively encouraged the Holocaust. Typical of the genre was a Mexican reprint with a cover depicting a Jewish hand behind Nazism—and behind Masonry, Communism, and religious and financial powers. A common charge was the Jews instigated the murder of six million of their co-religionists in an effort to secure the world's sympathy, whether for the creation of the state of Israel or for other secret objectives.
The Protocols continues to be published and distributed in many nations, and via the internet. A Japanese edition displayed at the exhibition attests to the fact that the actual presence of Jews is not necessary for charges of a Jewish conspiracy to take hold.
Meanwhile, the forgery has found traction in much of the Middle East. Televised dramatizations of The Protocols have appeared on Egyptian television in October-November 2002 and on Al-Manar (Hezbollah) television in 2003. The latter version included scenes depicting Jews draining the blood of a Christian child as an ingredient in matzah (unleavened bread consumed by observant Jews during the Passover holiday; the actual ingredients are flour and water only).
In 2003, the manuscript library at Alexandria, Egypt reportedly displayed an Arabic edition of The Protocols as an example of a Jewish holy book.
In 2005, Iranian booksellers displayed copies of The Protocols and The International Jew at the Frankfurt (Germany) Book Fair, the world's largest.
The tragedy of The Protocols, Greene says, is that "a piece of propaganda that nurtured anti-Semitism during the Nazi period is still doing the same today."
http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/d...06&m=July&x=20060731111416jmnamdeirf0.9629938